楼房养猪空气过滤系统设计与应用

土地成本在集约化养殖总成本中占比越来越高,尤其是在城镇化大背景之下。如何显著提高养猪场土地利用率,摊平综合成本,提高土地亩均产出,是整个行业都在考虑的问题。2019年12月17日,自然资源部、农业农村部在《自然资源部农业农村部关于设施农业用地管理有关问题的通知》中指出:"养殖设施允许建设多层建筑",使楼房养猪得到政策支持,但是,配套的楼房养猪空气过滤系统成为亟待解决的问题。文章汲取既往养猪场空气过滤系统设计、应用中积累的经验,为楼房养猪空气过滤系统方案作出综合探究,阐述楼房养猪空气过滤系统设计的理论依据,以及实际应用中需要注意的问题,为逐步实现楼房养猪空气过滤系统标准化提供思路。     

动物饲料国际贸易、养殖密度与环境氮磷平衡的关系

粮食和饲料的国际贸易促进了许多国家农业生产系统的专业化和集约化。专业化动物养殖越来越多地依赖进口大豆和玉米,虽然提高了动物生产力,但也促使作物和动物生产系统在空间上的分离。本文综述了几十年来全球范围内大豆和玉米的贸易变化,并将其与养殖密度和整个食品系统中营养平衡的变化联系起来。这一变化与不同的营养管理条例的差异和动物饲养密度的空间变化有关。深入解析这些变化有助于理解动物饲料国际贸易、养殖密度与氮磷平衡之间的复杂关系。     

油菜高亚麻酸育种探析

为促进通过提高油菜种子亚麻酸含量途径增加中国人群亚麻酸的摄入量,提高健康水平的工作进程。结合文献资料,在剖析开展油菜高亚麻酸育种的意义、可行性、难点及可利用的有利条件的基础上,提出油菜高亚麻酸育种策略与技术途径。在工作实践中,陕西省杂交油菜研究中心研究团队创建并完善"油菜高亚麻酸种质的筛选方法",利用该方法开展油菜高亚麻酸种质资源筛选和高亚麻酸育种取得良好成效:油菜种质资源的整体亚麻酸含量、具有较高亚麻酸含量种质的百分比率、亚麻酸含量最高值、亚麻酸含量15%的种质数量均明显增加;获得一批亚麻酸含量大于15%(最高含量达21%)的甘蓝型油菜非转基因种质,育成高亚麻酸的不育系和恢复系;甘蓝型油菜高亚麻酸杂交种‘秦杂油7号’通过国家品种登记;2个亚麻酸含量15%左右的杂交种正在申请品种登记。发现在A02、C02及A06染色体上存在多个与亚麻酸显著关联SNP位点。提出开展基础机理研究和分子设计育种创新体系建设,开展高亚麻酸种质资源创新、综合评价和利用研究,构建高亚麻酸育种体系,规化高效保优栽培技术路线,开展油菜籽加工技术、抗氧化研究,构建标准体系等6方面建议。     

广东省稻菜轮作区中牛筋草对十种除草剂的抗性水平及靶基因序列分析

为明确广东省稻菜轮作区中牛筋草对10种常用除草剂的抗性水平及抗性分子机制,采用整株生物测定法测定广东省稻菜轮作区内8个牛筋草种群P1～P8对草甘膦、草铵膦和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACCase)抑制剂类等10种除草剂的抗性水平,并进一步分析P1和P8种群相关靶标酶基因5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase,EPSPS)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS)和ACCase的部分功能区序列特征。结果显示,牛筋草P1～P8种群对草甘膦抗性指数为敏感种群的5.9倍～17.7倍,其中P8种群对草甘膦的抗性水平最高;8个种群对草铵膦也产生了不同程度的抗性,抗性指数为敏感种群的2.3倍～14.2倍,其中P1种群抗性最高。牛筋草P1和P8种群均对ACCase抑制剂类除草剂精喹禾灵、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺产生了交互抗性;P1种群ACCase基因在第2 041位氨基酸处发生突变,该突变在牛筋草种群中首次发现;而P8种群ACCase基因则在第2 027位氨基...     

Effects of Parity of Dam and Breeding Date on the Litter Size of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats

The article through the analysis and research to the effects of parity of dam and breeding date on the litter size of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,determine the optimal mating time of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,in order to improve the efficiency of reproductive.Data used were 1998 to 2013 reproductive performance records collected from the Arbas stock farm in Inner Mongolia,China.The GLM procedure of SAS 9.0 software was used to determine the significant effect of the parity of dam and breeding date,the results showed that the parity of dam and breeding date had significant effect on litter size (P< 0.01).Litter size was the lowest in 1st parity does (1.37),the significantly increase in litter size with advance in parity and decline after six parity;Mating cycles for September 29th to October 16th had the highest litter size (1.76),and the estrous months and estrus peak time mainly concentrated in October,so this stage in production could be used as breeding period of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats.     

内蒙古地区暖棚养羊的必要性和太阳能采暖的应用

内蒙古大部分地区的严寒季节长达6~7个月,受寒冷气候条件的影响,散养羊生长缓慢,饲料消耗量增加,掉膘现象严重,产羔率和羔羊成活率也受到严重影响,大大降低了养羊的经济效益。建筑暖棚不仅能提供充足的热能,还可防止羊只掉膘。但是,常用的取暖方式以燃烧木材、煤或羊粪砖为主,存在着污染环境的隐患,并会受资源短缺的限制。太阳能作为一种新能源,是人类可以利用的最丰富的能源,可以就地开发利用,不存在运输问题,是一种洁净的能源,不会造成污染和公害。因此,利用太阳能采暖和暖棚养羊能够推动畜牧业向健康、高效、资源节约的合理方向发展。     

Genetic management of Dutch golden retriever dogs with a simulation tool

Excessive inbreeding rates and small effective population sizes are an important problem in many populations of dogs. Proper genetic management of these populations can decrease the problem, and several measures are available. However, the effectiveness of these measures is not clear beforehand. Therefore, a simulation model was developed to test measures that aim to decrease the rate of inbreeding. The simulation program was used to evaluate inbreeding restriction measures in the Dutch golden retriever dog population. This population consisted of approximately 600 dams and 150 sires that produce 300 litters each year. The five most popular sires sire approximately 25% of the litters in a year. Simulations show that the small number of popular sires and their high contribution to the next generation are the main determinants of the inbreeding rates. Restricting breeding to animals with a low average relatedness to all other animals in the population was the most effective measure and decreased the rate of inbreeding per generation from 0.41 to 0.12%. Minimizing co‐ancestry of parents was not effective in the long run, but decreased variation in inbreeding rates. Restricting the number of litters per sire generally decreased the generation interval because sires were replaced more quickly, once they met their restriction. In some instances, this lead to an increase in inbreeding rates because the next generations were more related. The simulation tool proved to be a powerful and educational tool for deciding which breeding restrictions to apply, and can be effective in different breeds and species as well.     

‘热引19号’坚尼草选育研究报告

1998年从澳大利亚引入坚尼草TD58(Panicum maximum‘TD58')后,相继完成适应性评价、品种比较试验、区域试验和生产试验,2007年选育而成‘热引19号'坚尼草(P.maximum'Reyin NO.19')。结果表明:该品种年均干草产量达21753.02 kg·hm~(-2),种子年均产量为800.05 kg·hm~(-2),营养价值适中,且耐低温、耐荫、耐旱、花期晚,综合性状均优于对照品种,是适合于我国南方热带亚热带地区推广种植的牧草新品种。     

优质杂交晚籼稻新组合乐优97的选育及栽培制种技术

乐优97是一种典型的晚籼型三系杂交水稻良种,于2022年通过中国国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,系由合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司所属的水稻研究院通过自己创制的三系不育系409A与恢复系R977 杂交选育而成的高产、优质、抗倒杂交晚籼型新型组合。文中详细尽介绍了乐优97的选育步骤,重点介绍了乐优97的特征特性,并归纳出了乐优97优质高产栽培技术及其制种技术关键要点,希望为该产品的以后大规模推广种植打下基础。     

草莓产区种苗生产问题调研分析——以江苏省东海县草莓产区为例

近年草莓种苗质量问题越来越受到行业内的重视,在一些种植年限久、规模大的种植区内尤为明显。本文通过对江苏省东海县草莓产区考察调研,了解近年生产苗使用状况,并对育苗过程中存在的主要问题及原因进行了分析。结果显示,当地外购生产苗占相当比例且来源地广泛,受苗木质量等问题影响,近年首批生产苗定植成活率明显下降;夏季育苗成功率较低,种苗退化及病害问题较为突出,育苗田状况、苗期管理技术等需要进一步提升。文章从保障优质种苗供应、规范提升育苗方法及加强育苗组织化程度等方面提出了相关具体意见措施,以为改善草莓种苗生产供应状况提供参考。